Economics

Факторы и условия новой модели экономического развития РФ Prokhorov A.P. , Kashitsyna E.G. , Saribekov R.K.

The relevance of the research topic lies in identifying the factors and conditions for ensuring sustainable and balanced economic development of the territory of the Russian Federation in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to discuss the results of the implementation of the country's spatial development model in the coming 2025, as well as to prepare an updated country development strategy for the period up to 2030, with a forecast of possible trends up to 2036. Based on data and analytical reports of government bodies (including constituent entities of the Russian Federation), theoretical analysis of the principles of development and methodological approaches to the implementation of the spatial development strategy, the article proposes a new formulation of the tasks of spatial development of the Russian Federation. The authors identified new factors and conditions that can contribute to development and become a dominant feature of the developed strategy, as well as restrain it, which requires measures to overcome or neutralize the negative impact. The results of the presented studies can be useful in the theoretical and practical development of strategies for the development of the Russian Federation in the future.

Исследование структурных трансформаций экосистем в промышленности Vetrova E.N., Khakimova G.R. , Gladysheva I.V.

Today industrial ecosystems are subjected to structural transformation of various scale and depend on various circumstances. Caused by a number of political, economic, technological and social externalities and internalities, transformation processes are not always positive, but yet have an optionally significant effect on the ecosystem. It results either in the need for developing and implementing innovative structural transformations in individual constituents of the ecosystem or reconsidering the mechanism of the full cycle of the production process. The study is aimed at researching the factors that have a bearing on the effective transformation of an industrial eco-system. The hypothesis of the research is that the effective transformation is more dependent on the efficient relations between the elements of the eco-system rather than on its size, sectoral affiliation or other factors. The research methodology includes comparative methods, technical-economic and system analysis methods, statistical methods, and the findings of the studies on industrial enterprises over the last 5 years. The results obtained illustrate a direct relationship between the gradual transformation processes in ecosystems and the efficiency of these systems. According to the study there are consistent patterns for optimal structural changes that do not depend on the sectoral specifics and other conditions. The authors have conducted a study of the concept and content of ecosystem transformation in industry, identified factors influencing transformation, assessed the impact of these factors on various ecosystems in industry, as well as the effectiveness of transformation at selected enterprises. Based on the studies conducted, conclusions have been formulated. The object of the study is the economic activity of industrial enterprises. The subject of the study is the processes of transformation of the Russian industry. The results obtained illustrate a direct relationship between the gradual transformation processes in ecosystems and the efficiency of these systems. According to the study there are consistent patterns for optimal structural changes that do not depend on the sectoral specifics and other conditions.

Методологические подходы к исследованию противоречий в реальном и финансовом секторах хозяйства России в условиях глобальной нестабильности и нарушении экономической безопасности Zueva O.A.

Theoretical approaches to the study of the essence of contradictions of the real and financial sectors are used by different scientists. Foreign and domestic economists (W. Bagehot, G. Wilson, S. Jevons, K. Kautsky, F. Quesnay, V. Lenin, A. Manuilov, K. Marx, D. Riccardo, J.-B. Say, J. Sismondi, M. Tugan-Baranovsky, A. Chuprov, F. Engels) studied the types of economic systems in the interaction of agents of sectors and the creation of a system of their convergence on the basis of contradictions. Foreign scientists (E. Altvater, M. Binswanger, B. Braasch, A. Galetowik, M. Heine, H. Hesse, J. Gourley, R. Gutman, J. Keynes, H. Minsky, J. Olivier, J. Stiglitz, S. Strange, H. Tietmeyer, J. Tobin, H. Herr, W. Cheek, K. Zinn, E. Shaw, B. Emunds) examined the issues of inadequacy of interaction of agents of sectors in the form of contradictions. In Russian scientific works (E. Akopova, A. Anikin, Z. Atlas, I. Afanasenko A. Bazhan, D. Beloousova, A. Borisova, V. Borisovich, A. Borodina, A. Burlachkov, S. Glazyev, S. Dyatlov, V. Katasonov, I. Klyuchnikov, V. Maryanenko, D. Miropolsky, L. Mierin, O. Molchanova, A. Navoy, V. Ryazanov, I. Sergeeva, A. Kharlamov) the phenomenon of the economic system and the development of the system of interrelations of sectors in the conditions of contradictions are revealed. The key position of the author consists in the application of different methodological approaches. Data and Metods: various components of the research methodology, Russian and foreign practical experience provided opportunities to outline theoretical approaches to examining the contradictions of various agents (historical, dialectical, systemic). Methodological approaches made it possible to identify the key contradiction of the subjects of the real and financial sectors – the gap between the institutions of the sectors. The specifics of the separation of subjects of the studied sectors in Russia are expressed in the orientation of the activities of financial sector agents toward speculative activity and the partial erasure of the boundaries between the institutions of the two sectors. The systemic approach is a key methodological approach that allows describing the contradictions of agents of the two sectors and forming an effective system of relationships between them. Analys of Results: the main contradiction of the convergence of agents of the sectors under study in Russia proves the need to develop their interaction based on a priority innovation base. Reindustrialization of domestic enterprises of the corporate subsector of the real sector, the implementation of the designated trend of growth in production volumes depend on the economic and innovative potential, the quality of financial support for this process within the framework of ensuring national security.

Management

Стратегические подходы к управлению цифровой трансформацией в организациях Borremans A.D. , Anufrieva V.D.

The comprehensive nature of digital transformation challenges companies to align their usual business strategy with a digital transformation plan. This has resulted in the emergence of a new term «digital transformation strategy». Meanwhile, for development of a new format of strategy, the usual methods of strategic management become irrelevant, which creates new challenges in revising traditional approaches to managing the new phenomenon of digital transformation. Given the current external conditions and the need of companies in updated approaches to strategic management, the purpose of this study is to analyze and develop the theoretical foundations of strategic management of digital transformation of organizations. This paper considers theoretical approaches to strategic management and changes in which are caused by the influence of the digital economy on the internal processes of organizations. As a result of the analysis of modern approaches to the strategic management of digital transformation, the following were constructed: a hierarchical scheme for the implementation of the digital transformation strategy at the level of business segments and a scheme for modifying the levels of enterprise management within the framework of digital transformation. Also, a comparative analysis of traditional approaches to strategic management and new approaches to strategic management of organizations of digital transformation was carried out, which allowed identifying directions for the development of theoretical approaches to strategic management in the context of digital transformation of organizations: 1) modification of the traditional approach of strategic management; 2) modification of strategic management in general; 3) the emergence of a new approach with the preservation of the principles of strategic management. The final result of the study was the identified main directions for further development of strategic management of digital transformation of organizations based on business models and ecosystems.

Анализ процесса реализации предметно-содержательных практик как основа управления инновационными структурами Rogozina T.V. , Rozhdestvenskaia N.V. , Tikhonova A.M. , Zinchenko M.V.

Innovative structures and divisions in modern universities are playing an increasingly prominent role and becoming an integral part of the professional education process. Consequently, a new problem arises – the management of educational processes involving these new structures. Solving this problem requires an effectiveness assessment of the functioning new educational structures. This article is dedicated to approaches for addressing this new management problem and evaluating the effectiveness of technoparks. The subject of the research is the functioning process of technoparks and quantoriums in pedagogical universities. Technoparks and quantoriums are viewed as the foundation for implementing new educational practices aimed at developing technological and digital literacy, as well as project and teamwork skills. To develop management principles for innovative structures authors, propose to analyze the educational practices in use. The analytical framework, which constitutes an element of novelty in this research, is based on the generalization of accumulated experience in using new innovative structures in classical, university, and pedagogical technoparks. The empirical base of the research includes results obtained from interviews with staff from the Technoparks of Universal Pedagogical Competencies at the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Omsk State Pedagogical University, and the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky. The presented effectiveness evaluation framework can be applied by other universities in Russia, taking into account the specifics of their educational processes.

Повышение эффективности управления естественными монополиями как механизм обеспечения энергетической безопасности государства Smirnova I.V.

The article analyzes the methods and tools of state management of natural monopolies, which should be aimed, on the one hand, at maintaining the availability of their services for the general population with different levels of income, and on the other hand, at ensuring the energy security of the country. In the Russian Federation, the main method of regulating the activities of natural monopolies is price regulation (tariff). The problems in the sphere of state management of natural monopolies in Russia are revealed, which are characteristic of all industries in which natural monopolies operate, and which are associated with insufficient elaboration of measures of tariff and investment regulation. In particular, a significant spread in tariffs for electricity transmission services due to regional specifics depends on the investment programs implemented by natural monopolies in electricity transmission, which contribute to eliminating imbalances in the development of territories. The problem of strengthening control over investment programs implemented by natural monopolies can be solved by using the tools of public control. A serious threat to energy security is the presence of a mechanism of cross-subsidization by different groups of consumers, which significantly complicates the process of tariff regulation, makes it less understandable and transparent, leads to an increase in tariffs for electricity transmission, and also to a certain extent reduces the investment attractiveness of all enterprises in the energy sector. The need for a gradual abandonment of the mechanism of cross-subsidization in the energy sector on the basis of a gradual reduction in tariffs for industrial consumers and a gradual increase in electricity tariffs for the population is substantiated.

Совершенствование методологии оценки эффективности системы управления твердыми коммунальными отходами в целях развития экологической ответственности бизнеса Shelepina N.V.

The state of the environment and the health of the population largely depends on the effectiveness of the treatment of MSW. A significant role in the success of the implementation of federal projects in this area belongs to the building of an effective MSW management system, supported by a responsible business attitude. The purpose of the study is to reveal the positions of environmental responsibility of business in the field of MSW management, systematize foreign and Russian experience in determining criteria and developing methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the MSW management system, identify areas for improving the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the MSW management system for the development of environmental responsibility of business. The object of the study is the MSW management system. The subject of the study is: environmental responsibility of business, targets, indicators of the MSW management system, methods for evaluating its effectiveness. During the preparation of the article, methods of analysis, systematization and interpretation of information presented in regulatory documents of various levels, in scientific publications posted on the eLibrary platform were used.RU, in the international databases Scopus, Web of Science, etc., in open sources on the Internet. The article outlines the principles and parameters of environmental responsibility of business in the handling of MSW. It has been established that a number of normative legal acts have been adopted at both the international and national levels, establishing a list of indicators and targets in the field of MSW management. Most subjects of the Russian Federation determine criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the MSW management system independently, taking into account the level of development of the region and policy priorities in this area. The article presents approaches to classifying indicators of the MSW management system by levels, areas of activity, and degree of waste recycling. It is shown that the disadvantage of many indicators proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of the MSW management system is the lack of reliable statistical information necessary for their calculation. An analysis of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the MSW management system has shown that a significant part of them is based on determining an integral indicator using a set of indicators. The disparity of approaches to the assessment of the MSW management system reduces the effectiveness of management in this area at all levels. The need to develop a unified methodology, supported by statistical data, for evaluating the effectiveness of the MSW management system, contributing to the development of environmental responsibility of business, was noted.

Принципы использования ИИ при управлении предпринимательскими проектами в рамках концепции проективной ответственности Litau E.Y. , Sologub A.N. , Kholodov V.V.

The article is devoted to the development of modern entrepreneurial projects in the context of digital transformation. The paper presents a management approach based on three key elements: humanism, digitalization and innovation. The Humanism element, in line with the goals of sustainable development, implies the company's value orientation towards a person (internal circuit) and towards society as a whole (external circuit). The Digitalization element is revealed through the integration of digital technologies into all areas of business, which, among other things, changes outdated ways of doing business and replaces them with modern alternatives. The Innovation element considers an entrepreneurial project as a special type of economic activity organization, in the process of which a new good / service is created. A distinctive feature of market leaders is the active implementation of advanced information technologies (IT), including those based on artificial intelligence (AI). The article substantiates and describes the potential conflict at the Human-Technology level, which can be leveled out in the course of creating a demarcation model between the Humanism and Digitalization blocks. The approach is based on theoretical reinforcement of the principles of expert systems and neural network training algorithms. The paper conducted a systemic analysis of the scientific field of AI and reviewed studies implementing ethical requirements when creating software products based on artificial intelligence. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion: the ideas of the concepts of ethical, useful, beneficial, responsible and trusted artificial intelligence can be expressed through one single entity - the projective responsibility of AI. In the process of supporting and making management decisions, the priority of the organizational and personal abilities of the initiator of the entrepreneurial project is highlighted over the computing power of machine algorithms.

Риски и проблемы обеспечения устойчивого развития организаций в условиях экономической нестабильности Kunin V.A. , Yulgushev А.M.

The subject of the study is strategic threats affecting the sustainable development of organizations in the current economic conditions. The purpose of the work is to identify and systematize entrepreneurial risks, as well as to determine the barriers that hinder the harmonization of sustainable development in the context of economic instability. The objects of the study are organizations from various sectors of the economy: industry, services and trade. The research methods used are sector analysis, graphical and visualization methods, as well as comparative risk analysis. This article presents an analysis of strategic threats in the context of sustainable development of the organization. A sector analysis of entrepreneurial risks for organizations in industry, services and trade is conducted. The core and periphery of specific risks for each of the three areas of entrepreneurial activity have been identified. The concept of a common core and specific periphery of risks has been proposed. A graphical interpretation of the proposed concept has been given. The problems of ensuring sustainable development of the organization in the context of economic instability are formulated. A schematic visualization of the relationship between the problems is formed. The barriers to harmonizing sustainable development of an organization in conditions of economic instability have been formulated and described.

ESG-трансформация в России как инструмент стратегического развития Izmaylov M.K. , Pupentsova S.V.

In modern conditions, there are a number of global challenges that are caused by problems of a political, socio-economic, environmental, organizational nature and affect the entire world community. There is an active transition to the sustainable development of economic entities, a vector for the growth of the state's economy is set, all this leads to a certain transformation. Economic growth in the country is directly influenced by measures aimed at developing the economy as a whole, which leads to the application of principles based on environmental, social and corporate responsibility. An important factor in the growing problems in the economic and social development of the country is the massive deterioration of the environment, which is associated with the impact of anthropogenic phenomena and total climate change, which leads to the activation of efforts to develop and implement directions in the field of sustainable development of countries at the global level. Taking into account the fact that the Russian Federation is of particular importance in the global climate agenda, there is a need for modern identification of trends, key factors and barriers to its ESG transformation. All this makes it necessary to assess the problems and prospects for the development of ESG transformation and indicates the relevance of this article. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems and prospects for the development of ESG transformation in Russia. The article presents the stages of development of ESG transformation in the Russian market. The regional features of ESG transformation are considered, as well as the features of its development at enterprises according to the industry in which they operate. The problems of ESG transformation that are present at the current stage of its development are identified. Promising directions for the development of ESG transformation in Russia have been formed. The special role of the state in the development of ESG transformation and its active participation in providing support to economic entities in the development of the ESG concept at the federal and regional levels was noted.