Scientific journal NRU ITMO
Series "Economics and Environmental Management"
Registration certificate ЭЛ № ФС 77 – 55411 от 17.09.2013
registered by the Federal Inspectorate Service for Communication, Information Technologies and Communication Media
ISSN:2310-1172

March 2024 (published: 04.03.2024)

Number 1(56)

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Economics

Мониторинг качества экономического роста регионов: методические аспекты и реализация Sidorov M.A

The article presents the results of the development of a methodological approach to monitoring the quality of regional economic growth. A meaningful analysis of the concept of "monitoring the quality of economic growth" is carried out. An algorithm for monitoring the quality of economic growth in the regions is presented, within its framework a comprehensive set of indicators is proposed to characterize the quality of economic growth in the regions. The basis for complementing the existing resource and structural methodological approaches to the quality of economic growth were subjective assessments of the heads of enterprises in the manufacturing sector of the North-West of Russia, characteristics of the position of the regions of the district in the value chains, as well as an assessment of the qualitative characteristics of the standard of living of the population. Within the framework of testing the development of methodological approaches to monitoring the quality of economic growth, the indicators of the quality of economic growth in the regions of the North-West of Russia are analyzed. It is concluded that the indicators proposed for the supplement make it possible to form a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the specifics of socio-economic transformations in specific regions. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodological approach to monitoring the quality of economic growth. The information base was the works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of socio-economic monitoring, data from Rosstat, as well as the results of a survey of managers of enterprises in the manufacturing sector of the North-West of Russia conducted by the National Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The scientific novelty of the work consists in improving the monitoring of the quality of economic growth by supplementing the structural and resource approaches to the selection of indicators for assessing the quality of economic growth with indicators of regional involvement in the value chain and a set of indicators of living standards.

Формирование человеческого капитала в рамках частного высшего образования в России Grigoriev I.V. , Gorovoy A.A. , Gavrilyuk E.S. , Izotova A.G.

Education, like healthcare, is one of the sources of human capital development. Creating and maintaining human capital requires significant effort. The private higher education sector is capable of solving the problem of accumulating human capital, thereby reducing the burden of the state. The article examines the institutional profile of private higher education. The 90s of the 20th centuries were characterized by rapid growth in the number of private universities in Russia. Since the beginning of the 2000s of the 21st century, the number of private universities and the number of their students began to gradually decline, and numerous negative stereotypes were formed regarding non-state higher education. In this work, the authors tried to analyze the current state of the private higher education sector in Russia, determine its advantages and disadvantages, and identify further prospects for development. The goals set by the authors during the study are to analyze the current state of the private sector of higher professional education and search for directions for the development of non-state universities. The work is based on the study of scientific publications and reviews of the private sector of higher professional education, as well as on the basis of an analysis of statistical data from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and reports from rating agencies. The authors analyzed the current situation of private higher education in Russia and assessed its share in the educational services market. During the study, existing private universities were divided into three categories: “fundamental”, “commercially successful”, “shadow”. For each group under consideration, distinctive characteristics and characteristics were identified. As the results of the study, the authors proposed directions for the development of the non-state sector of higher education in Russia, ultimately aimed at the growth of human capital in the country.

Management

Исследование отдельных вопросов управления кадрами по информационной безопасности в медицинских учреждениях Gavrishev A.A.

In this article, a study of certain issues of personnel management for information security in healthcare institutions has been conducted in order to identify trends in the field of training such personnel for healthcare institutions. Based on regulatory legal acts, it is shown that information security specialists, working in the field of healthcare, should have specialized education and have work experience in the field of activity. Based on known sources, it is shown that there is currently an acute shortage of information security specialists. The measures that are used to solve this problem are indicated. Their advantages and disadvantages are shown. The relevance of research in the field of personnel training in information security for healthcare institutions is noted. Open data for 2014-2023, presented in the Common information system in public procurement, were used as research materials. The limitations and simplifications that were introduced during the study are indicated. As a result of the conducted research, taking into account the restrictions and simplifications introduced, it was revealed that two types of trends are currently being distinguished in the field of information security training for healthcare institutions: educational and economic. The analysis of the identified trends has been carried out and conclusions have been formulated on their basis. The findings show that the costs of healthcare institutions for training personnel in information security for their needs have increased many times in recent years. There is an obvious demand for additional professional education in the field of information security, in particular, for professional retraining in the field of information security of their existing employees, which accounts for the main costs of institutions from the healthcare sector. Based on this, professional retraining according to information security programs for existing employees of institutions from the healthcare sector is a promising approach to information security training and requires further development. The identified trends in the field of information security training for healthcare institutions are directly correlated, on the one hand, with a significantly increased number of cyber-attacks, and on the other hand, with changes in legislation in the field of information security.

Тенденции внедрения элементов концепции ESG в систему менеджмента отечественных предприятий Izmaylov M.K. , Pupentsova S.V.

Creating stable business models is one of the main problems for modern Russian enterprises. Economic characteristics alone are not enough, and one of the options for achieving the goals of stable formation is the introduction of the concept of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) principles. The introduction of elements of the ESG concept into the management processes of an enterprise is considered to be a fairly relevant issue in the development of current management systems. Taking into account the current geopolitical events, Russian enterprises have moved away from the outside world to one degree or another, therefore, concentration of attention and focus on internal development and, accordingly, building quality relationships with the external environment within the state are of particular importance in their activities. At domestic enterprises, the issue of the lack of attention paid to the protection of the natural environment, to providing personnel with favorable social working conditions, to improving the quality of customer service, as well as to the internal responsibility of a social nature is acute in management systems. All this makes it necessary to study the prospects of introducing elements of the ESG concept into the management system of domestic enterprises. The key objective of this concept is considered to be the regulation and support of the optimal socio-economic balance of the enterprise with the effective use of natural resources and their conservation to meet the needs of current and future generations. This article discusses the prospects for the application of the introduction of elements of the ESG-principles concept into the management system of Russian enterprises, the relevance of the application of the ESG concept under consideration is indicated. The features of the concept of the ESG concept and its components are described, as well as the significance of the introduction and use of ESG principles for Russian enterprises is revealed. As a result of writing the article, conclusions were formed regarding the prospects for the application of ESG principles in the Russian management system. As part of the scientific novelty of the study, an algorithm for introducing the ESG concept into the management system of domestic enterprises is proposed, consisting of successive stages.

Управление рисками бизнес – процессов промышленных предприятий: аналитические и прикладные аспекты Vasiltsov V.S. , Sushinskaya A.V. , Shadrina E.V. , Vyacheslavova V.V.

The unprecedented challenges faced by enterprises of the metallurgical complex of the Russian Federation, caused by geopolitical factors and sanction pressure, have actualized the problem of risk management in new conditions. Domestic metallurgical companies require a new adaptive risk management model. The purpose of the article is to systematize foreign and domestic experience in risk management of business processes in the metallurgical sector in the context of geopolitical sanctions. The object of the study is the risk management system, and the subject is the risk management system of business processes of metallurgical enterprises. The article highlights the problem of growing risks in the metallurgical industry against the backdrop of falling demand and prices for products, changes in supply chains and export geography. It has been established that government support measures have been developed for the industry, and a number of fiscal restrictions have been introduced. An analysis of foreign risk management experience using the example of metallurgical companies from countries under sanctions, such as South Africa, Iran and Venezuela, made it possible to identify common features and differences in risk management systems. The presented domestic experience using the example of the company PJSC Severstal showed that the risk management system covers business processes of management and development, as well as basic and supporting business processes, the company has an effective business system and is actively introducing digital technologies. The article notes certain successes in the direction of adaptation to new economic conditions, while the transformation of the financial vector of development leaves the problem of modernizing the risk management policy relevant. Since, in conditions of rising costs of long-term loans and lack of access to international investments, the process of technical re-equipment can be significantly limited.

Управление экологически ориентированными предпринимательскими проектами с использованием инновационных цифровых технологий Litau E.Y. , Kholodov V.V.

The article addresses the matters of the management of environmentally focused entrepreneurial projects in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The study presents two approaches to the implementation of digital technologies: “company-technology” and “technology-company”, as well as their impact on the process of sustainable development. The “company-technology” approach is considered the example of enterprises in the resource extraction industry. The article analyzes how the development of digital mining technologies has a positive impact on the environment. The research identifies the ecological and social effects of the introduction of digitalization in environmental projects of large businesses. This work also justifies that management using digital technologies in the field of recycling of raw materials and it has a significant positive impact on the environmental situation. Management of eco-projects in accordance with the “technology-company” approach is a necessary element for their successful implementation. As an example of such an enterprise, the work considers a project that is an online platform for an environmental social network. This project allows you to involve an unlimited number of participants who want to contribute to the safe recycling of waste under the most efficient economic conditions compared to the traditional waste collection process. The implementation of this idea would be impossible without the development and implementation of appropriate digital technologies. Thus, the authors substantiate that the management of modern projects using IT has a positive impact on sustainable development not only as a result of the activities of large environmental projects but also acts as an integral element in the implementation of newly created enterprises. Research in digitalization is carried out mainly to estimate the economic impact, however, the examples discussed clearly demonstrate that digital technologies can positively affect environmental protection. Therefore, an important conclusion of this study is the need to ensure economic and ecological effects from business activities. This provision fully complies not only with the concept of sustainable development “Ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns” approved by the UN but also determines the leading position of market participants, since further development of entrepreneurship seems possible only in a combination of economic, ethical and aesthetic principles.

Исследование особенностей управления бизнес-процессами и внедрение принципов юнит-экономики в деятельность компаний Treiman M.G.

The study explores the features of one of the main theories of management - the theory of business processes of the organization. The definitions of business processes are presented, 2 types of classification of business processes are formed, peculiarities of methods, tools and techniques of business process development in modern reality are defined. Methods of automation of business processes using corporate information systems and methods of evaluation of unit economy as created value for clients and consumers of products are presented. The methods used allow to develop modern management systems at enterprises and organizations, to improve the management processes of the main and supporting processes, which increases the efficiency of enterprise functioning. These approaches have practical significance, as well as allow the development of theoretical foundations of management. The inclusion of the basics of unit economics allows controlling business processes and their timely monitoring.

Оценка уровня развития транспортно-логистической инфраструктуры при принятии управленческого решения Vasilenok V.L., Minchenko L.V., Negreeva V.V., Moroz D.S.

The relevance of the presented research is that one of the important functions of the economy is the management of resources - human, material and financial. In this regard, there is a need for quick and flexible response of production, trade and transportation systems to changing consumer priorities. The Kaliningrad region exists as a Russian semi-exclave within the European Union, which determines the main problems of the subject's vital activity, manifested in the region's detachment from the main territory of the country. First of all, it is manifested in the problems of transport provision, accessibility and transport communications of cargo and passenger delivery to (from) the Kaliningrad region through the territories of neighboring countries. Therefore, the analysis of the current state of the transport system of the region, problems and prospects of transport development as the most important element of the logistics infrastructure of the semi-exclave is relevant. The object of the study is the transport infrastructure of the Kaliningrad region, and the subject is land transport. Objective of the study: to assess the level of development of land transport infrastructure in the Kaliningrad region. The research method is quantitative-statistical and comparative analysis, calculation of coefficients, as well as synthesis of the obtained results. The results obtained in the course of the study can be used to determine the need for the development of land transport infrastructure in the Kaliningrad region.

Finance

Резервный фонд субъекта Российской Федерации: состояние и пути модернизации Vakhrameev R.A.

In the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions, the application of serious sanctions restrictions against the Russian Federation and the macroeconomic and budgetary risks associated with them, the strategic importance of the formation of reserve funds is increasing, reaching the mandatory nature of their presence in a reasonable amount. The subject of this research is the implementation of the mechanism for reserving financial resources in the regions of Russia in the form of reserve funds of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The article deals with the legal and economic aspects of this type of reserve fund. The purpose of the study is to reveal the practical experience of regulating processes for improving this financial instrument. The special role of the studied funds in ensuring the stability of regional budgets, which has not been worked out by the regions in reality, was identified. Also was noted the lack of real functioning of accumulated funds to date in accordance with the economic nature of the fund approach for crediting and spending assets. Statistical spatial data of the budgets of the Russian Federation are presented, showing the real scale of the formation of separate financial resources. In the end submitted the proposals for changing the legislative framework which will contribute to the multilateral modernization of the processes of formation of budget savings and their use at the sub-federal level. The results of this analysis can form the basis for discussing the urgent need to reform the organization of regional reserves.

Банковский надзор за климато-зависимыми финансовыми рисками: методологические аспекты Ivanov V.V. , Nurmuhametov R.K.

Climate change is increasingly attracting the attention of central banks and financial regulators today, as it can affect the safety and reliability of financial institutions, and, consequently, the entire financial system. Therefore, in order to make the financial system safe and sustainable, strict financial regulation and supervision are necessary. The subject of the study is the principles and tools of banking supervision of financial risks related to climate change. The purpose of the work is to summarize research and best practices for improving the prudential supervision of the Bank of Russia over climate–related financial risks. The object of the study is climate-dependent financial risks. The methods used in the research are general, general scientific and private scientific methods, methods of comparative analysis. The various actions and approaches of a number of central banks, as well as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, to the regulation and supervision of financial risks related to climate change are considered. The analysis of the types and features of climate risks, as well as the principles of banking supervision of financial risks associated with climate change, is given. An important place in the activities of central banks, financial regulators, and various international organizations is occupied by the development of climate scenarios, which are mainly used to better understand the consequences of climate risks. Measures on banking supervision of climate risks in the Russian banking system are proposed.

Механизмы ограничения финансирования государственного сектора экономики Ivleva E.S. , Rumyantseva A.Yu. , Tserkasevich L.V.

The purpose of the article is to determine the most significant factors influencing the need to expand the financing of public expenditures, as well as to identify mechanisms that impede this process. The article examines the evolution of the expanding public sector financing depending problem on the growth of gross product, from the development of a scientific hypothesis by A. Wagner and its practical implementation to the denial of its significance at the present stage of economic development. The history of the emergence and practical justification of the hypothesis of the need to increase public sector financing is considered, including the concepts of the pattern of expanding public sector financing in the context of three directions - analysis of internal economic factors, study of internal political factors, the presence of external effects influencing decision-making in the distribution of the state budget. The relationship between the expansion of the public sector and economic growth is revealed, and factors limiting the increase in government spending are identified. The object of the study is the public sector, the subject of the study is the mechanisms of limiting financing of the public sector. The research methodology is based on a dialectical approach, the use of general scientific methods, and analysis of specialized literature. The fact that the state’s macroeconomic policy should be based on a clear understanding of the relationship between the financing of government expenditures and the volume of the national product, as well as their impact on economic growth, determined the relevance of this study. Based on the analysis of the factors of the relationship between the expansion of public sector financing and economic growth, the article made a number of conclusions that reveal the evolution of the problem of expanding public sector financing depending on the growth of the gross product, from the development of a scientific hypothesis by A. Wagner and its practical implementation to the denial of its significance in modern times. stage of economic development.

Моделирование операционного левериджа с ненулевым уровнем доверия и потенциальные возможности его использования в финансовом администрировании Lisitsa M.I.

The subject of the research is the combination of the break-even concept and the tools designed to calculate operating leverage with a non-zero level of reliability, as well as the related ones: a) the normative assessment of sales revenue, which provides zero net profit; b) which is an estimate of fixed costs, the level of a negative financial result with a zero level of sales revenue; c) normative assessment of net profit and normative assessment of sales revenue. At the same time, the purpose of the work is to substantiate the modeling option stated in the topic within the economic activity of the enterprise, which is the object of the study. At its core, the work is based on the following methods: 1) analysis, in particular, of deterministic models that formalize the break-even concept; 2) mathematical statistics and probability theory, in particular, to overcome the uncertain level of confidence in the use of input data within time series, such as: a) the actual estimation of sales revenue for each period of time; b) the actual estimate of the net profit for each period of time. The results of the study can be considered as follows: 1) the conclusion on the practical inconsistency of the orthodox version of the break-even concept in the context of the tools that reveal it; 2) development of a relatively reliable toolkit for identifying: a) operational leverage; b) regulatory assessment of sales revenue, which ensures zero net profit; c) which is an estimate of fixed costs, the level of a negative financial result with a zero level of sales revenue; d) normative assessment of net profit and normative assessment of sales revenue; 3) recommendations in the field of financial administration based on operational leverage. The presented approach may be in demand by commercial organizations aimed at creating or improving their own systems for managing costs, sales revenue and financial results.

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