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December 2016 (published: 12.12.2016)
Number 4(27)
Home > Issue > Analysis of evolution of the concept «cluster». Approaches to classification
Kolesnikov A.M. , Khazaliya N.A.
The purpose of the article is to propose the own definition of the notion "cluster" on the basis of its evolution and to examine the international experience on cluster classifications. The cluster is considered as a set of organizations and institutions interacting in a certain field of activity, when competition and cooperation (concerted actions) between them lead to the increase of competitiveness with each due to total efficiency (exchange of knowledge and information, network effects, economies of scope), learning, economies of scale. The types of clusters are identified in accordance with the following classification features: on the dominant type of relationships - horizontal and vertical clusters, on industry specialization - specialized and composite clusters, on industrial coverage –«national (regional) economy» level clusters, «industries and sub-industries» level clusters, «companies with networks of suppliers» level clusters, on the nature of primary resources - trade-based and knowledge-based clusters, on the dynamics - working, latent, potential, political, "desired" clusters, on the stage of the life cycle - agglomeration, emerging clusters, developing clusters, mature clusters, transformation.
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Keywords: cluster, evolution of the notion «cluster», classification sof clusters, type sof clusters.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
UDC 336.005.075.80
Analysis of evolution of the concept «cluster». Approaches to classification
The purpose of the article is to propose the own definition of the notion "cluster" on the basis of its evolution and to examine the international experience on cluster classifications. The cluster is considered as a set of organizations and institutions interacting in a certain field of activity, when competition and cooperation (concerted actions) between them lead to the increase of competitiveness with each due to total efficiency (exchange of knowledge and information, network effects, economies of scope), learning, economies of scale. The types of clusters are identified in accordance with the following classification features: on the dominant type of relationships - horizontal and vertical clusters, on industry specialization - specialized and composite clusters, on industrial coverage –«national (regional) economy» level clusters, «industries and sub-industries» level clusters, «companies with networks of suppliers» level clusters, on the nature of primary resources - trade-based and knowledge-based clusters, on the dynamics - working, latent, potential, political, "desired" clusters, on the stage of the life cycle - agglomeration, emerging clusters, developing clusters, mature clusters, transformation.
Read the full article
Keywords: cluster, evolution of the notion «cluster», classification sof clusters, type sof clusters.
DOI 10.17586/2310-1172-2016-9-4-19-25